Kevin Tan's Independant Learning Log 2

Kevin Tan's Independant Learning Log 1

Abigail Tan's Independent Learning Log 1

Name: Abigail Tan

Index Number: 1

Week: 2

Date: 9/6/16

Source:

http://www.filmmakingstuff.com/the-official-65-step-film-production-checklist/

What I did:

I watched movies during the June holidays and I was interested to find out the process of making a movie.

What I learned:

The process requires a huge sum of money and time. Make a plan, develop it. You have to ask for advice to figure out your best money strategy. Try to get as much free props as you can to lighten the load of money going out. Break down the script to know the scenes and what characters and people you need on set. Then, hire people to act, write the script, make the set and costumes etc. Then you have to set up pages on social media to look for supporters to support the project. Make a trailer, post it on social media to grab attention and get more supporters. Start filming. Add in sound effects (could hire a computer expert) and background music. Release the project.

ZhengHang Independant learning log(four)

Name:Chian ZhengHang
Class:S1-01          
Index Number:8

Date:9th June
Source:http://www.todayonline.com/singapore/owen-road-stomach-flu-outbreak-over-source-still-unknown

What I did: I went to today as I wanted to know more about the stomach flu outbreak I heard about.

Words I do not know:
Rotavirus-Any of a group of RNA viruses, some of which cause acute enteritis in humans.
Stool-A piece of faeces

Summary: A “community outbreak” led to the spate of stomach flu cases in the Owen Road area last month, but investigations into the incident have still not been able to identify its source.The authorities had observed that on Wednesday that the number of cases seen by clinics in the area had “significantly declined” since the Pek Kio Market, and Food Centre was thoroughly cleaned and disinfected from May 25 to 26.They thus declared the outbreak of stomach flu to be over.The hawker centre was closed for two days because of the outbreak of stomach flu there.To, date 180 cases had been verified to be linked to the outbreak.And of 26 people, 23 people's stools were tested positive for rotavirus.seventeen patients were admitted to hospital for treatment, and all have been discharged.The investigation by MOH had shown that the outbreak of rotavirus occurred between May 15 and 28. However, they could not find any specific event or food premises or stall that could be the source of the outbreak as All the food, water and environmental samples collected had tested negative for rotavirus.Members of the public had earlier speculated that pigeons or rats could have contributed to the outbreak. Although pigeons and rats are unlikely to be the source of the transmission, they are nonetheless unwelcome pests.The NEA will continue to place Pek Kio Market and Food Centre under close surveillance. Its officers will also be conducting checks to ensure that the stallholders observe proper personal hygiene and food handling practices, and that the toilets in the centre are properly maintained and cleaned.
The NEA is also working closely with the Hawkers’ Association on the prompt collection and removal of soiled crockery from tables to prevent left food from attracting birds to the market.
NEA also urge Member of the public are also to take the necessary precautions, such as washing or sanitising their hands regularly, and using service utensils when sharing food.

ZhengHang learning log (Three)

Name:Chian ZhengHang
Class:S1-01            
Index Number:8

Date:6th June 2016
Source:http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-36407643
What I did: I went to BBC, and I found this very interesting article on the and Decided read up on it

Words I do not know:
Moat:
a deep, wide ditch surrounding a castle, fort, or town, typically filled with water and intended as a defence against attack.
Activists:
An activist is a person who campaigns for some kind of social change. When you participate in a march protesting the closing of a neighbourhood library, you're an activist. Someone who's actively involved in a protest or a political or social cause can be called an activist.


Summary:
Zoo officials have shot dead a gorilla after a four-year-old boy fell into its enclosure in the US city of Cincinnati.The boy climbed over the barrier and dropped into the enclosure where he was grabbed and dragged by the endangered gorilla.The officials made a tough decision to shoot the gorilla dead as the situation was life threatening and a tranquillizer would not have had a quick enough effect.But, Two female gorillas in the enclosure did not approach the child and thus were unharmed.Cincinnati Zoo has temporarily shut its gorilla exhibit following the incident on Saturday.Just last week before this happened, two lions were shot dead in a zoo in Chile after a man entered their pen in an apparent suicide attempt.In a similar incident in 1986 on the island of Jersey, a Crown dependency of the UK, a five-year-old boy fell into a gorilla enclosure.He lost consciousness and a silverback gorilla called Jambo famously stood guard over him, protecting him from other gorillas and stroking his back. When the boy came round he started to cry, and the gorillas retreated, allowing keepers to rescue the child, Levan Merritt.
A life-sized statue of Jambo fetched £18,000 ($26,000) at auction, and he even appeared on Jersey stamps.

Independent reading log two(ZhengHang)

Name:Chian ZhengHang

Class:S1-01             

Index Number:8

Date:4th June
Source:http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36446635

What I did: I saw in the news on the TV that there was Paris flood, so I decided to read up on it on BBC News.I wanted to do a summary of what happened.

words I do not know:
Swelling-a natural rounded protuberance.
Curator-a keeper or custodian of a museum or other collection

Summary:
The Louvre and Orsay museums at Paris were shut as staff had to moved artworks to safety as flood levels climbed above 6m.The Seine was expected to reach as high as 6.5m and unlikely to recede over the weekend, with more downpours forecast.15 people had died across Central Europe because of heavy rainfall.Ten of thousands of people were affected as they're forced from their home.The flood had caused France insurance company more than 600 million euros (£470m), according to the industry association AFA.In Paris, the Cluny - La Sorbonne and St Michel metro stations were closed as a precaution while the river spilt onto the city's streets.Frances’ Bridges were closed, and non-emergency boats were banned from the Seine as its swelling forced the closure of museums, parks and cemeteries.Authorities have also transferred the presidency and key ministries to secure areas.While France's rainfall levels in May were the highest since 1873, the current crisis is eclipsed by the 1910 floods that saw Paris submerged for two months, when the Zouave was up to his neck in the Seine.The river level peaked at 8.62m that year and had since reached 7.1m in 1955 and 6.18m in 1982.

Independent reading log one(ZhengHang)

Name:Chian ZhengHang                                  

Class:S1-01                              

Index Number:8

Date: 2nd June 2016

Source:

 http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20160601-is-cancer-inevitable

What I did:

I went to BBC and reached for articles and found an article called “cancer is a nasty by-product of evolution” and decided to read it.I wanted to do a summary of the article and some new words.

What I learned: 

Words I do not understand:

apoptosis-In multicellular organisms, cells that are no longer needed or are a threat to the organism are destroyed by a tightly regulated cell suicide process known as programmed cell death or apoptosis.

proliferation-Proliferation is a rapid multiplication of parts or the increase in the number of something. 

substrate-In biochemistry, the substrate is a molecule upon which an enzyme acts. Enzymes catalyse chemical reactions involving the substrate(s). In the case of a single substrate, the substrate bonds with the enzyme active site, and an enzyme-substrate complex is formed.

Summary:

     According to Cancer Research UK, 54% of men and 48% of women will get cancer at some point in their lives.Cancer is an unfortunate by-product of the way evolution works. Large and complicated animals like humans are vulnerable to cancer precisely because they are large and complicated.The cells inside a tumour change and evolve just like animals in the wild.Humans each started out when an egg and sperm cell met and fused. Within a few days, that egg and sperm had turned into a ball containing a few hundred cells. By the time we reach adulthood about 18 years later, those cells have divided so much times that scientists cannot agree, even to the nearest few trillion, exactly how many cells our bodies contain.Cell division in human’s bodies is very heavily controlled. For instance, when humans were first growing your hands, some cells went through "cell suicide” to carve out the spaces between human’s fingers.Cancer is also all about cell division, but with one important difference. A cancerous cell breaks all the rules of controlled division that human’s other cells follow.Cancer are like different organisms, so the better that cell gets at dividing faster than its neighbours and gaining nutrients, the more successful it will be as a cancer, and the more likely it will survive and grow.We have several "corrective" genes which send instructions to kill any corrupted cells.The threat comes from the tiny number of corrupt cells that do not get fixed.But some of the corrupted cells may not be discovered and thus will multiply and cause cancer.Cancer cells are not all alike. Whenever a cancerous cell divides, it has the potential to pick up new mutations that affect its behaviour. In other words, they evolve.The fact that tumours are constantly changing their genetic makeup is one of the reasons why cancers are so hard to "kill".The evolution that goes on inside a cancer tumour as like a tree with many branches. At the base of the tree are the original mutations that triggered the tumour in the first place: mutations that should be shared by all of the cancer cells in the tumour.A therapy that targets one of those base mutations should destroy every cell in the tumour.This therapy may not work well because there will be one or more cells in the tumour branches that has a resistance mutation that allows it to outwit the therapy.

Swanton and his colleagues have studied the problem to see if they can develop a therapy with a better outcome.What they come up with is an approach where they sequence tumours and produce the truncal antigens on a patient-by-patient basis.He begins by teasing out the resistant cancerous cells, which he calls "clones". Patients are given a particular drug therapy and then monitored to see when a particular cancerous "clone" rises to dominance in the tumour because it has developed drug resistance.Then they stop treating the cancer with the drug. This removes the evolutionary pressure that allowed the clone to become so successful. Without that pressure, other types of cancer cell in the tumour also have a chance to flourish. They "fight back" against the dominant clone. In effect, the cancer effectively begins to war with itself. 

When some of those other clones have gained ground, it is time to administer the drugs again, as these new clones should not yet have developed resistance.They use clones against clones, they then wait for the winners, then take out the pressure; the drug. The winners at this point are unfit and start to disappear, and then others take over. So they use the tumour against itself.If people decide that they all want to live to more than 70, then they have to accept that sooner or later they will get cancer because it is inevitable because our cells have not evolved to maintain their DNA for as long as people now live.